✅ 1. Dandruff :
- Cause: Overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, dry skin, or scalp irritation.
- Appearance: White or yellowish flakes; dry or oily.
- Symptoms:
- Itchy scalp
- Flaking, especially near hairline and crown
- No redness or pus
- Trigger Factors: Stress, cold weather, poor scalp hygiene, certain hair products.
✅ 2. Fungal Infection :
- Cause: Dermatophyte fungi like Trichophyton or Microsporum (commonly causes Tinea Capitis).
- Appearance:
- Circular patches of hair loss
- Red, inflamed, itchy areas
- Sometimes pus-filled bumps or crusting
- Symptoms:
- Painful or tender scalp
- Hair breakage at the root
- Spreading infection
- Contagious: Yes – can spread through combs, towels, or close contact.
🧴 Treatment Overview:
| Condition | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Dandruff | Anti-dandruff shampoos with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid, or selenium sulfide. |
| Fungal Infection | Requires antifungal medication (oral or topical); medicated shampoos; proper hygiene. |
🩺 When to See a Doctor:
- If scalp redness, swelling, or pus appears
- If over-the-counter dandruff shampoos don’t work
- If hair loss or bald patches form
- For children with flaky or infected scalps
